Marijuana Toxicity in Dogs: Prevention and Symptoms

The active ingredient in marijuana, THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), affects dogs differently than humans. So, while many people find marijuana consumption to be an enjoyable experience, dogs exposed to marijuana can be sensitive to the effects of THC. Even small amounts of marijuana exposure can cause toxicity in dogs.

Marijuana toxicity symptoms in dogs can vary but may include disorientation or lethargy. Other symptoms may appear depending on how much a dog has ingested. It’s best to be on the lookout if you suspect your dog has ingested any marijuana product containing THC. Knowing the signs of marijuana toxicity in dogs can help you get your dog the care it requires right away. 

Pets and Marijuana Don't Mix

Some people wonder if their pets can get high and may even think it's funny. The short answer is yes; a dog can get high, but it's no laughing matter. In fact, marijuana toxicity in pets can cause extremely unpleasant symptoms such as vomiting, tremors, and, in severe cases, convulsions, coma, or even death. Dogs may be particularly vulnerable to accidental consumption of marijuana as they are more prone to eating something that tastes good and is left out in the open. 

Marijuana toxicity can occur in dogs when they ingest or are exposed to marijuana or products containing marijuana. Instances of this occurring have risen since several states legalized medical marijuana (and adult-use marijuana). Dogs can be exposed to marijuana by eating edibles, such as baked goods, candies, or gummies. Dogs can also become ill from marijuana poisoning if they consume any part of the cannabis plant material, such as flowers, stems, or seeds. Finally, while rare, cannabis exposure and poisoning can occur in dogs if they inhale second-hand smoke. However, this would require a dog to inhale large amounts of second-hand smoke in a small, enclosed space. 

The bottom line is that pets and marijuana do not mix. If you notice any of the signs of cannabis toxicity in your dog or suspect that your pet ingested marijuana, take it to the vet right away.

Symptoms of Marijuana Toxicity in Dogs

Marijuana toxicity in dogs is not the same as a weed allergy in humans and is considered far more serious. Symptoms of marijuana toxicity in dogs can vary but usually occur within one to three hours of ingestion. The good news is that cannabis intoxication in dogs is rarely fatal, but it can cause significant discomfort for your pet and will likely require prompt veterinary attention. These are some key signs to watch out for if you think your dog may have consumed marijuana:

Lethargy: Your dog may be tired, sleepy, lethargic, and less responsive than usual.

Ataxia: Your dog may appear "drunk" and experience stumbling or loss of coordination.

Disorientation: Your dog could appear confused or unaware of its surroundings.

Dilated pupils: Your dog's pupils may appear large or dilated.

Drooling: Your dog may exhibit uncontrollable dribbling (drooling) from the mouth.

Vomiting: Your dog may experience frequent episodes of vomiting.

Urinary incontinence: Your dog may have difficulty controlling its bladder and begin releasing small amounts of urine sporadically.

Tremors or seizures: Your dog may experience involuntary muscle movements or shaking.

Increased heart rate: Your dog's heart rate may be elevated. 

Hyperactivity: Your dog may exhibit signs of hyperactivity.

Loss of consciousness: In rare cases, marijuana toxicity in dogs, cats, or other pets can induce a coma or, in the worst cases, death.

If Your Dog Consumes Marijuana: Tell the Vet Everything

If you think your dog has ingested marijuana or is beginning to show any symptoms of marijuana toxicity, it is essential to take immediate action. The following are a few steps you can take to ensure that your dog receives the necessary care after being exposed to or ingesting marijuana: 

Stay Calm: Witnessing your dog disoriented or in pain can be highly unsettling; however, it’s essential to communicate clearly and calmly with the veterinarian to ensure the best possible care for your pet.

Remove all marijuana products: Remove your dog from the area where it was exposed to marijuana and store the marijuana products securely, especially if you have children or other pets. 

Contact your veterinarian: Call your local vet, pet poison helpline, or animal poison control center, and tell them everything. Explain the situation as clearly and calmly as you can, including details about the incident, the suspected time of marijuana ingestion, the quantity of marijuana consumed, and any symptoms your dog is showing. 

Follow your veterinarian's advice: Your veterinarian may instruct you to monitor your dog at home if the symptoms are mild, or may recommend bringing your pet in for immediate evaluation and treatment.

Keep your dog calm and comfortable: While waiting for your vet appointment or if you have been told to "keep watch" at home, keep your dog in a quiet and comfortable environment to minimize stress.

What Happens Next? Diagnostic Tests and Follow-up Care 

If you decide taking your dog to the vet is the best course of action, your veterinarian may induce vomiting to get rid of any remaining marijuana in your dog's stomach. Your veterinarian may give activated charcoal to stop additional absorption. Urine samples and stomach contents may also be tested for the presence of cannabinoids as part of the diagnostic procedures. 

If your veterinarian determines that your dog has the clinical signs of marijuana toxicosis, he or she may provide IV fluids and medications to control the symptoms. According to veterinary specialists, a pet suffering from marijuana toxicosis will typically fully recover in 24-36 hours, but depending on the amount of marijuana your dog ingested, recovery could take up to 72 hours. It is important to note here that according to the first linked study (Janczyk et al. 2004), symptoms could potentially last up to 96 hours after ingestion.

How to Prevent Marijuana Toxicity in Pets 

The most effective way to keep marijuana and related products out of your dog's reach is to store them in a safe and secure place in your house. Use airtight containers kept in a cool, dark place, such as a closet with a door that can be locked. Furthermore, you should exercise caution when using marijuana around your pets, particularly in confined and small spaces without airflow. 

Keep in mind that unregulated marijuana products (those purchased on the street) may contain toxic or problematic substances aside from cannabis. Therefore, when in doubt, always contact your vet if you think your pet ingested something it shouldn’t have.

Keep Pets Away From Marijuana 

Unlike humans, who can use marijuana to escape the realities and stresses of everyday life, pets are not made to withstand the intoxicating effects of THC. Pet owners should keep their pets away from marijuana, as it can have several adverse effects if consumed.

If you see your dog consuming any kind of marijuana product, get help right away. Although marijuana intoxication in pets rarely results in death, it's best to have your pet examined by a professional if accidental ingestion does occur. By following a few precautions to keep pets away from marijuana, you can enjoy your favorite marijuana products with the peace of mind that your furry friend is safe.